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Glossary of foreign trade and customs terms

In plain words we explain the concepts an importer deals with: the customs declaration, HS code, customs value, FSB notification, certificates and other foreign-trade terms. Each has its own page with related terms and articles.
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"Chestny Znak" labeling
Mandatory digital labeling of a number of goods with Data Matrix codes for traceability.
A
Authorized Economic Operator (AEO)
A company with special status and simplifications in customs operations (expedited release, etc.).
Anti-dumping duty
An additional duty on imports at understated prices, protecting the EAEU market; on top of the regular rate.
C
Customs declaration (DT)
The main customs document by which the declarant states information about goods on import or export.
Customs value adjustment (KTS)
Customs revision of the declared value of goods, usually upward, with additional charges of payments.
Customs value
The basis for calculating customs payments: the value of goods plus certain costs up to the EAEU border.
Certificate of conformity
A permit document confirming that goods meet the requirements of a technical regulation.
Customs representative (broker)
A company from the FCS register that performs customs operations on behalf of the declarant.
Customs duty
A mandatory payment when moving goods across the border; it may be ad valorem, specific or combined.
Customs fee
A charge for performing customs operations (for processing the declaration); depends on the customs value.
Customs procedures
Regimes defining the conditions for using goods under customs control (release, transit, warehouse, etc.).
Currency control
Bank and state oversight of settlements under foreign-trade contracts; registration of the contract.
Country of origin
The country where goods are produced or sufficiently processed; affects duties and preferences.
Certificate of origin
A document confirming the country of manufacture; forms ST-1, form A, EUR.1 are used for preferences.
Common Customs Tariff (ETT)
The set of EAEU import duty rates, uniform for all member states; the rate is by HS code.
Customs transit
Transport of goods under customs control without paying duties from one customs office to another.
Customs warehouse
A procedure for storing imported goods without paying duties for an established period.
Customs inspection
A customs check of goods with opening of packaging and examination; assigned based on risks.
D
Declaration of customs value (DTS)
A document that discloses how the customs value of the goods was determined.
Declaration of conformity
A form of conformity confirmation that the applicant accepts under their own responsibility.
Dual-use goods
Products that can be used for both civilian and military purposes; subject to export control.
Declaration adjustment (KDT)
A change to the information in a filed declaration, either before or after the release of goods.
Declarant
The person who declares goods and is responsible for the accuracy of the information in the declaration.
E
Electronic vehicle passport (EPTS)
An electronic document with vehicle data; issued instead of a paper PTS on import.
Excise
An indirect tax on certain goods (alcohol, tobacco, fuel, some cars); paid when importing excisable goods.
F
FSB notification
Registration of an encryption notification for importing electronics with cryptography (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, 4G/5G).
Free customs zone (FCZ)
A territory (SEZ) where foreign goods are placed and used without paying duties and taxes.
Foreign trade contract
A contract between the importer and a foreign supplier - the basis of the transaction, clearance and currency control.
G
Green and red channel
Customs control channels: the "green" one without inspection, the "red" one with a check and declaration.
H
HS code (TN VED)
The ten-digit EAEU commodity nomenclature code that determines the duty, VAT and permit documents.
I
Incoterms
International rules that allocate delivery costs and risks between the seller and the buyer.
Import VAT
Value added tax paid to customs when importing goods.
P
Preliminary classification decision
An official customs conclusion on the HS code of goods, obtained in advance.
Parallel import
Import of genuine goods without the rights holder's permission, based on the Ministry of Industry and Trade list.
Phytosanitary and veterinary control
State control of goods of plant and animal origin at the border.
R
Recycling fee
A charge for the future recycling of a vehicle; paid when importing cars and special machinery.
Re-export
Export of previously imported foreign goods back outside the EAEU.
Re-import
The return import of previously exported EAEU goods without paying import duties.
Release of goods
A customs decision permitting the goods to be used under the declared procedure after checks.
Risk management system (RMS)
A customs mechanism that determines which shipments to check; affects inspection and release speed.
S
State Registration Certificate (SGR)
A Rospotrebnadzor permit document for certain categories: cosmetics, household chemicals, special nutrition, etc.
Security for payment of customs duties
A guarantee of payment (deposit, bank guarantee) that allows goods to be released before checks are completed.
T
Technical regulation (TR CU / TR EAEU)
Mandatory product safety requirements in the EAEU; they determine which permit document is needed.
Temporary storage warehouse (SVH)
A place where goods are lawfully stored under customs control until clearance is completed.
Temporary admission (ATA carnet)
Import of goods for a limited time without paying duties; for exhibitions, samples and equipment, often under an ATA carnet.
Tariff preference
A reduced or zero duty rate for goods from certain countries with confirmed origin.
V
Vehicle safety certificate (SBKTS)
A document confirming that an imported car meets the technical regulation; needed to issue an EPTS.